![]() On the other hand, when and after a subadult male had immigrated into their group, they frequently encountered other units and did not move away from the encounter site. The members avoided contact with other units and shifted their range after several encounters. The group's ranging was influenced by encounters with neighboring social units. The blackbacks frequently supported the subadult aggressees by attacking the silverbacks, and the younger males displayed mediating behavior in violent fights between the silverbacks. ![]() Aggression was always directed from the elder and dominant males to the younger and subordinate males, while supporting interactions occurred in the opposite direction. However, the loser-support and mediating behavior observed in the group prevented them from engaging in severe fights. Thus, their relationships may not be explained in terms of dominance and subordinancy. Neither submissive nor reassurance behavior was noted between the silverbacks. The silverbacks retained “ownership” of the homosexual partners, but competed and fought with each other violently when the partners avoided or ignored their courtship. Such homosexual behavior reduced the inter-individual distances and increased the social tension between the two silverbacks in the group. Frequent homosexual interactions characterized the high cohesiveness of this group. Six unrelated male gorillas formed an all-male group within the Virunga mountain gorilla population.
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